AI
1927
Artificial Intelligence
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1934 |  1959
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This term is used to mean different things in different contexts even by the same person, if that person is accomodating to current social usage. In game software, it refers to the mechanisms that plan character moves in the real-time of the game. We use this term in two ways.
Scientific
Systems and software that deliver solutions of problems in the areas of cognition(knowledge), learning and planning.
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Cultural/Sociological
2001
To some extent any application of computer science which is advanced is considered "an AI". In the beginning of electronic computing compilers were the AI of their day. The first compilers were built before the theory of parsing and compiling reached it's mature state. Thereafter compiling ceased to be considered AI and became rather prosaic advanced computing.
In the same way, software employing techniques from Mathematical Programming, Operations Research, Game Theory, Pattern Recognition, Advanced or Applied Mathematics of any kind can be considered more or less sensically to "have AI".
Terms like advanced are relative to norms of a culture at a point in time. That culture in this case being the global community of computing artefact consumers and producers. Since the vast majority of software produced and consumed up to this time ( Sat Aug 3 14:56:18 EDT 2002 XE )
lacks any of the properties mentioned in either the Scientific or Cultural definitions above, it is therefore lacking in "AI".
The first above, roughly corresponds to what's called 'Strong' AI, while the latter even more roughly corresponds to "Weak" AI.
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A Ridiculously Simple History of AI:
- c. 1940 XE and before, Leibniz, Turing et. al,
- 1956 Dartmouth conference so named.
- c. early to mid 1980s, a push to try to commericialize AI, coincident with the rise of the PC.
- c. 1989, onset of the so-called 'AI-winter' when failure of the efforts in #3 above combined with a
general disapproval of the topic always present in traditional commercial IT.
- c. 1997 Deep Blue beats world chess master.
- c. 2001 collapse of the internet bubble, reinforces the biz attitude underlying the Winter, but WWW Consortium
has 'Semantic Web' initiative. Apparently simple conceptually, implies strong AI-intensive web back-end support.
- Now:
We intend commodity software as a crucial agitation exploiting/resolving the manifest historical contradiction above, among others.
And some specific links ...
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